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Drama fundamentals notes pdf download in English - ppup part 1 English honours notes and study material pdf

September 08, 2024 0
[ Drama fundamentals notes pdf download in English | ppup part 1 English honours notes and study material pdf ]


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Introduction to Drama fundamentals notes pdf download in English


Question. What is Drama in English Literature? 1 Question. what is Drama according to John Dryden ? 2 Question. Note on the Origin of Drama? 3 Question. What are the Elements of Drama? 5 Question. What are the Types of Drama? 12 Question. what is characteristics of Drama? 19 Question. What is Drama in English Literature? 24 Question. what is Drama according to John Dryden ? 25 Question. Note on the Origin of Drama? 26 Question. What are the Elements of Drama? 28 Question. What are the Types of Drama? 35 Question. what is characteristics of Drama? 42


What is drama in English Literature


Question. What is Drama in English Literature? Ans. - A drama is a type of literature that is written for the purpose of being performed in front of an audience. This type of writing is written in the form of a script, and the story is told through the lines of the characters played by actors. The Term 'Drama' comes from Greek Word which means 'Action' or 'To Act' or 'To Do'. The Person who writes drama for stage directions is known as a 'Dramatist' or 'Playwright'.

Question. what is Drama according to John Dryden ? Ans. - John Dryden : "Drama is a just and lively image of Human nature, representing its passions and Humors, and the changes of Fortune to which it is a subject, for the delight and instruction of mankind."

Question. Note on the Origin of Drama? Ans. - Origin of drama can be traced back to the Roman conquest in 43AD. Historians Believe that the art of drama came Along the Roman People. When the Roman came to England, they established vast amphitheatres in england, But they were closed when they left england in

Elements of drama pdf download | ppup part 1 English honours notes and study material pdf


(Drama) on some religious festivals and ceremonies. The Oldest exciting church drama was 'Quem Quarritis' which presents the story of three myrtires, Christ and an Angel. Question. What are the Elements of Drama? Ans. - These are the Elements of Drama:- (i) Plot

The Plot structure of drama may be divided into five stages: Exposition & Inciting Incident, Rising Action, Climax, Falling action and Resolution. 💥 structure of Plot ⚫ The exposition is simply an introductory part that provides the Background Information and some initials events are Presented which sets the action of the Play in Motion. It is What gets the story going. ⚫ The Rising action is a series of events, including complications and Conflicts which Arise

from the initial incident and leads to the dramatic climax of a Plot. ⚫ The Climax is the Turning point, or the peak of a plot which holds an utmost emotional Intensity and Tension of the play. ⚫ The Falling action is a series of events following the climax that leads to the solution of the conflicts. ⚫ The Denouncement serves as the conclusion of the Plot in which the Conflicts are unravelled. It is ending scene of the Drama.

(ii) Character ⚫ Charaters are the People, or sometimes animals, are portrayed by actors and Actresses in the play. ⚫ They Enhance the events or story of the Play. 1. Major characters: Protagonist & Antagonist 2. Minor Characters: Flat & Round (iii) Dialouge

⚫ The Words written by the Playwriht and Spoken by the characters on the stage. ⚫ They Enhance the events and Tension/conflict of the play. ⚫ Dialouge: Between to two or more characters. ⚫ soliloquy: The Character, Alone on the stage speaks to himself, Inner conflict is Exposed.

⚫ Aside: Spoken by one character to the other or to the audience which is not heard by other characters on the stage. (iv) Theme ⚫ Theme is the Central Idea of the Play. ⚫ Major Themes & Minor Themes ⚫ Some common themes are: * Conflict between Two Individuals.

* Conflict between men and Nature/destiny. ⚫ Man's struggle against natural (v) Setting & Spectacle ⚫ Setting Means the Place and Time in which the Play is Performed. ⚫ Spectacle Refers to Properties, Sets, Costumes, Special Effects etc.

Types of drama PDF



⚫ These Two Create the Effect of Visual Reality. ⚫ They Bring Liveliness in the Play. Question. What are the Types of Drama? Ans. - Mainly, There are Four Types of Drama in English Literature. (i) Comedy

Comedy is a Type of Drama that aims to make the audience laugh. Its tone is Light and it has a Happy Ending. Comedy is Full of Wit and Satire. It Aims at Exposing the follies or Weakness of the society. During the Ancient Times Greek comedies were very popular. For Example, Lysistrata and the Frogs The Birds and the Knights written by Aristophanes. In English Literature, the first comedy Ralph Roister Doister was Written by Nicholas Udall. Shakespeare is also famous for his Romantic Comedies.

(ii) Tragedy Tragedy is a Type of Drama which is Full of Murders, Deaths, Insanity, and Pain. Main characters usually have some kind of weakness or defect known as Hamartia which causes their Downfall. Aristotle Believed that the main characteristics of Tragedy was the change of Fortunes of the main character because of his Flaws. Tragedy Arouses the Feelings of pity and Fear in the Heart of Reader.

Ancient Greek Tragedies like oedipus Rex and electra Written by sophocles were Highly popular. In English Literature Marlowe is considered as the Father of English Tragedy. He is Known for his Four Tragedies, Namely Doctor Faustus, Edward 2, The Jew of Malta and Tamberlaine. Shakespeare Too is Acclaimed as the master of Tragedy. His Four Famous Tragedies, Namely, Hamlet, Macbeth, King Lear, And Othello are the Gems of English Literature. (iii) Tragi-Comedy

Tragi-comedy is a special kind of Drama that combines the Features of Tragedy and Comedy. It Means that such play may be sad but with have a happy ending, or it may be Serious with some elements of Humor emerging throughout the whole play. Roman Dramatist Plautus was the First to write to Tragi-comedy and to use the Term. Plautus wrote Amphitryon which is the Best example of Tragic-comedy.

He believed That life is a Mixture of Happiness and Sorrow and Hence Drama Must Represent Both These sides of Life. Shakespeares Merchant of Venice Too is a nice Example of Tragi-comedy. (iv) Melo-Drama Melodrama is a kind of drama in which everything is presented in an Exaggerated Manner.

Usually, Themes in Melodramas are simple and the stories and characters are Stereotypes. However, the main aim of a melodrama is not to tell a story but to awaken feelings in the audience. They are mostly love stories with beautiful Heroines, charming Heroes and scary villians. They are Highly emotional and Sometimes full of Violence. It First Appeared in France at the End of the 18th century.

Later, It Reached Britain and Became one of the most Popular Types of Drama in the 19th Century. Still Life and Brief Encounter by Noel Coward and Mildred Pierce by James Cain are some Examples of Melodramas in English Literature. Question. what is characteristics of Drama? Ans. - METHODS OF CHARACTERIZATION IN DRAMA:


Characterization in Drama | ppup part 1 English honours notes and study material pdf


The dramatist adopts certain artistic methods to present the most impressive and immortal characters in drama. BREVITY: The first and foremost condition of the characterization in drama is brevity or economy. The novelist enjoys the freedom of describing characters ar ease, he might take hundreds if pages to develop his characters. But the dramatist has to be very precise and has to present his characters in very few pages or lines.

Shakespeare has done this successfully in 'Macbeth'. The characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are revealed in 25 Pages and less than 500 lines. CHARACTERIZATION THROUGH PLOT: Unlike the novelist, the dramatist cannot narrate the features of his characters in detail. He has to develop his characters with the development of action and plot in drama. Hence, in drama, plot and characterization are inter-connected. Characters develop the plot and the plot in turn develops the characters. Actions of the drama

reveal the psychology and complex nature of the characters. CHARACTERIZATION THROUGH DIALOGUES: The principle function of the dialogues in drama is to reveal the traits of the characters. There are three ways in which dialogue helps in characterization. Firstly, the character's speech with other characters in the drama reveals his thinking, his psychology.

Secondly, Other character's remarks or opinions about Character also help the dramatist develop an image of his protagonist. Thirdly, the use of soliloquies also express the inner conflict and thinking of the major characters. Shakespeare and Marlowe are the most successful dramatists of English literature who have developed their characters with the soliloquies. CONCLUSION:

Thus, W. H. Hudson has presented his views in the importance of the art of characterization in drama. He opines that characterization can be done successfully by developing the characters with the plot and with the help of dialogues and soliloquies.

Conclusion for Drama fundamentals notes pdf download in English


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